closest_pair.hpp¶
Return indices of a closest pair in O(n log n).
Verified by closest_pair.
求平面点集中欧氏距离最近的一对点，并返回原下标；避免枚举所有点对。
Implementation¶
#ifndef NOYA_CLOSEST_PAIR_HPP
#define NOYA_CLOSEST_PAIR_HPP 1
/// @complexity Time: O(n log n).
/// Space: O(n).
#include "noya/geometry_base.hpp"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <optional>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
namespace noya {
/// @brief Return indices of a closest pair in O(n log n).
template <class T>
std::pair<int, int> closest_pair(const std::vector<point<T>> &points) {
assert(points.size() >= 2);
struct indexed_point {
point<T> value;
int index;
};
using distance_type = decltype(norm2(point<T>{}));
std::vector<indexed_point> sorted;
for (int index = 0; index < int(points.size()); index++) {
sorted.push_back({points[index], index});
}
std::sort(sorted.begin(), sorted.end(),
[](const indexed_point &first, const indexed_point &second) {
if (first.value != second.value) {
return first.value < second.value;
}
return first.index < second.index;
});
for (int i = 1; i < int(sorted.size()); i++) {
if (sorted[i - 1].value == sorted[i].value) {
return std::minmax(sorted[i - 1].index, sorted[i].index);
}
}
std::optional<distance_type> best;
std::pair<int, int> answer = {-1, -1};
auto update = [&](const indexed_point &first, const indexed_point &second) {
distance_type candidate = norm2(first.value - second.value);
if (!best || candidate < *best) {
best = candidate;
answer = std::minmax(first.index, second.index);
}
};
auto by_y = [](const indexed_point &first, const indexed_point &second) {
if (first.value.y != second.value.y) {
return first.value.y < second.value.y;
}
if (first.value.x != second.value.x) {
return first.value.x < second.value.x;
}
return first.index < second.index;
};
auto solve = [&](auto &self, int left, int right) -> void {
if (right - left <= 3) {
for (int i = left; i < right; i++) {
for (int j = left; j < i; j++) {
update(sorted[i], sorted[j]);
}
}
std::sort(sorted.begin() + left, sorted.begin() + right, by_y);
return;
}
int middle = (left + right) / 2;
T middle_x = sorted[middle].value.x;
self(self, left, middle);
self(self, middle, right);
std::inplace_merge(sorted.begin() + left, sorted.begin() + middle,
sorted.begin() + right, by_y);
std::vector<indexed_point> strip;
for (int i = left; i < right; i++) {
distance_type dx = sorted[i].value.x - middle_x;
if (dx * dx > *best) {
continue;
}
for (int j = int(strip.size()) - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
distance_type dy = sorted[i].value.y - strip[j].value.y;
if (dy * dy > *best) {
break;
}
update(sorted[i], strip[j]);
}
strip.push_back(sorted[i]);
}
};
solve(solve, 0, int(sorted.size()));
return answer;
}
} // namespace noya
#endif // NOYA_CLOSEST_PAIR_HPP
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <optional>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
/// @complexity Time: O(n log n).
/// Space: O(n).
/// @complexity Time: O(1) per primitive; O(n log n) for convex hull.
/// Space: O(1) per primitive and O(n) for hull construction.
namespace noya {
/// @brief Two-dimensional point with vector arithmetic and lexicographic order.
template <class T> struct point {
T x{};
T y{};
point() = default;
point(T x_, T y_) : x(x_), y(y_) {}
point &operator+=(const point &other) {
x += other.x;
y += other.y;
return *this;
}
point &operator-=(const point &other) {
x -= other.x;
y -= other.y;
return *this;
}
point &operator*=(const T &scale) {
x *= scale;
y *= scale;
return *this;
}
point &operator/=(const T &scale) {
x /= scale;
y /= scale;
return *this;
}
friend point operator+(point left, const point &right) {
return left += right;
}
friend point operator-(point left, const point &right) {
return left -= right;
}
friend point operator*(point value, const T &scale) { return value *= scale; }
friend point operator*(const T &scale, point value) { return value *= scale; }
friend point operator/(point value, const T &scale) { return value /= scale; }
friend bool operator==(const point &, const point &) = default;
friend bool operator<(const point &left, const point &right) {
return left.x < right.x || (left.x == right.x && left.y < right.y);
}
};
/// @brief Circle represented by a center and a nonnegative radius.
template <class Real> struct circle {
point<Real> center;
Real radius{};
};
/// @brief Return the dot product of two vectors.
template <class T> T dot(const point<T> &a, const point<T> &b) {
return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y;
}
/// @brief Return the signed cross product of two vectors.
template <class T> T cross(const point<T> &a, const point<T> &b) {
return a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x;
}
/// @brief Return cross(a - origin, b - origin).
template <class T>
T cross(const point<T> &origin, const point<T> &a, const point<T> &b) {
return cross(a - origin, b - origin);
}
/// @brief Return the squared Euclidean norm.
template <class T> T norm2(const point<T> &value) { return dot(value, value); }
/// @brief Compare a value with zero using an optional absolute tolerance.
template <class T> int sign(const T &value, const T &epsilon = T{}) {
return (value > epsilon) - (value < -epsilon);
}
/// @brief Return -1, 0, or 1 for a clockwise, collinear, or counter-clockwise
/// turn.
template <class T>
int orientation(const point<T> &a, const point<T> &b, const point<T> &c,
const T &epsilon = T{}) {
return sign(cross(a, b, c), epsilon);
}
/// @brief Test whether p lies on the closed segment [a, b].
template <class T>
bool on_segment(const point<T> &p, const point<T> &a, const point<T> &b,
const T &epsilon = T{}) {
if (orientation(a, b, p, epsilon) != 0) {
return false;
}
return std::min(a.x, b.x) - epsilon <= p.x &&
p.x <= std::max(a.x, b.x) + epsilon &&
std::min(a.y, b.y) - epsilon <= p.y &&
p.y <= std::max(a.y, b.y) + epsilon;
}
/// @brief Test whether the closed segments [a, b] and [c, d] intersect.
template <class T>
bool segments_intersect(const point<T> &a, const point<T> &b, const point<T> &c,
const point<T> &d, const T &epsilon = T{}) {
int ab_c = orientation(a, b, c, epsilon);
int ab_d = orientation(a, b, d, epsilon);
int cd_a = orientation(c, d, a, epsilon);
int cd_b = orientation(c, d, b, epsilon);
if (ab_c == 0 && on_segment(c, a, b, epsilon)) {
return true;
}
if (ab_d == 0 && on_segment(d, a, b, epsilon)) {
return true;
}
if (cd_a == 0 && on_segment(a, c, d, epsilon)) {
return true;
}
if (cd_b == 0 && on_segment(b, c, d, epsilon)) {
return true;
}
return ab_c * ab_d < 0 && cd_a * cd_b < 0;
}
/// @brief Intersect the infinite lines through (a, b) and (c, d), returning
/// nullopt when they are parallel or coincident.
template <class T>
std::optional<point<long double>>
line_intersection(const point<T> &a, const point<T> &b, const point<T> &c,
const point<T> &d, long double epsilon = 0) {
point<long double> first{static_cast<long double>(a.x),
static_cast<long double>(a.y)};
point<long double> second{static_cast<long double>(b.x),
static_cast<long double>(b.y)};
point<long double> third{static_cast<long double>(c.x),
static_cast<long double>(c.y)};
point<long double> fourth{static_cast<long double>(d.x),
static_cast<long double>(d.y)};
point<long double> direction_a = second - first;
point<long double> direction_b = fourth - third;
long double denominator = cross(direction_a, direction_b);
if (std::abs(denominator) <= epsilon) {
return std::nullopt;
}
long double ratio = cross(third - first, direction_b) / denominator;
return first + direction_a * ratio;
}
/// @brief Return the convex hull in counter-clockwise order without repetition.
template <class T>
std::vector<point<T>> convex_hull(std::vector<point<T>> points,
bool keep_collinear = false) {
std::sort(points.begin(), points.end());
points.erase(std::unique(points.begin(), points.end()), points.end());
if (points.size() <= 1) {
return points;
}
bool all_collinear = true;
for (int i = 2; i < int(points.size()); i++) {
all_collinear &= orientation(points[0], points[1], points[i]) == 0;
}
if (keep_collinear && all_collinear) {
return points;
}
std::vector<point<T>> lower, upper;
for (const point<T> &p : points) {
while (lower.size() >= 2) {
int turn = orientation(lower[lower.size() - 2], lower.back(), p);
if (turn > 0 || (keep_collinear && turn == 0)) {
break;
}
lower.pop_back();
}
lower.push_back(p);
}
for (auto it = points.rbegin(); it != points.rend(); ++it) {
while (upper.size() >= 2) {
int turn = orientation(upper[upper.size() - 2], upper.back(), *it);
if (turn > 0 || (keep_collinear && turn == 0)) {
break;
}
upper.pop_back();
}
upper.push_back(*it);
}
lower.pop_back();
upper.pop_back();
lower.insert(lower.end(), upper.begin(), upper.end());
return lower;
}
/// @brief Return twice the signed area of a polygon.
template <class T> T polygon_area2(const std::vector<point<T>> &polygon) {
T result{};
for (int i = 0; i < int(polygon.size()); i++) {
result += cross(polygon[i], polygon[(i + 1) % polygon.size()]);
}
return result;
}
/// @brief Classify a point relative to a polygon: -1 outside, 0 boundary, 1
/// inside.
template <class T>
int point_in_polygon(const point<T> &p, const std::vector<point<T>> &polygon) {
bool inside = false;
for (int i = 0; i < int(polygon.size()); i++) {
point<T> a = polygon[i];
point<T> b = polygon[(i + 1) % polygon.size()];
if (on_segment(p, a, b)) {
return 0;
}
if (a.y <= p.y && p.y < b.y && orientation(a, b, p) > 0) {
inside = !inside;
}
if (b.y <= p.y && p.y < a.y && orientation(a, b, p) < 0) {
inside = !inside;
}
}
return inside ? 1 : -1;
}
/// @brief Return the Euclidean distance between two points.
template <class T> long double distance(const point<T> &a, const point<T> &b) {
return std::hypot(
static_cast<long double>(a.x) - static_cast<long double>(b.x),
static_cast<long double>(a.y) - static_cast<long double>(b.y));
}
} // namespace noya
namespace noya {
/// @brief Return indices of a closest pair in O(n log n).
template <class T>
std::pair<int, int> closest_pair(const std::vector<point<T>> &points) {
assert(points.size() >= 2);
struct indexed_point {
point<T> value;
int index;
};
using distance_type = decltype(norm2(point<T>{}));
std::vector<indexed_point> sorted;
for (int index = 0; index < int(points.size()); index++) {
sorted.push_back({points[index], index});
}
std::sort(sorted.begin(), sorted.end(),
[](const indexed_point &first, const indexed_point &second) {
if (first.value != second.value) {
return first.value < second.value;
}
return first.index < second.index;
});
for (int i = 1; i < int(sorted.size()); i++) {
if (sorted[i - 1].value == sorted[i].value) {
return std::minmax(sorted[i - 1].index, sorted[i].index);
}
}
std::optional<distance_type> best;
std::pair<int, int> answer = {-1, -1};
auto update = [&](const indexed_point &first, const indexed_point &second) {
distance_type candidate = norm2(first.value - second.value);
if (!best || candidate < *best) {
best = candidate;
answer = std::minmax(first.index, second.index);
}
};
auto by_y = [](const indexed_point &first, const indexed_point &second) {
if (first.value.y != second.value.y) {
return first.value.y < second.value.y;
}
if (first.value.x != second.value.x) {
return first.value.x < second.value.x;
}
return first.index < second.index;
};
auto solve = [&](auto &self, int left, int right) -> void {
if (right - left <= 3) {
for (int i = left; i < right; i++) {
for (int j = left; j < i; j++) {
update(sorted[i], sorted[j]);
}
}
std::sort(sorted.begin() + left, sorted.begin() + right, by_y);
return;
}
int middle = (left + right) / 2;
T middle_x = sorted[middle].value.x;
self(self, left, middle);
self(self, middle, right);
std::inplace_merge(sorted.begin() + left, sorted.begin() + middle,
sorted.begin() + right, by_y);
std::vector<indexed_point> strip;
for (int i = left; i < right; i++) {
distance_type dx = sorted[i].value.x - middle_x;
if (dx * dx > *best) {
continue;
}
for (int j = int(strip.size()) - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
distance_type dy = sorted[i].value.y - strip[j].value.y;
if (dy * dy > *best) {
break;
}
update(sorted[i], strip[j]);
}
strip.push_back(sorted[i]);
}
};
solve(solve, 0, int(sorted.size()));
return answer;
}
} // namespace noya